快速入门
Magento Open Source 是一个老牌的开源电子商务平台，它满足 B2C 电商入门所需的一切。
部署 Websoft9 提供的 Magento 之后，需完成如下的准备工作：
准备
- 在云控制台获取您的 服务器公网IP地址
- 在云控制台安全组中，确保 Inbound（入）规则 下的 TCP:80 端口已经开启
- 在服务器中查看 Magento 的 默认账号和密码
- 若想用域名访问 Magento 域名五步设置 过程
Magento 初始化向导
详细步骤
Magento 最新版本已经采用命令行完成了安装向导，即可直接使用：
-
使用本地电脑浏览器访问网址：http://域名 或 http://服务器公网IP, 可以直接进入商城首页
-
输入用户名和密码获取解锁密码，登录到 Magento 后台管理界面
需要了解更多 Magento 的使用，请参考官方文档：Magento 用户文档中心
出现问题？
若碰到问题，请第一时刻联系 技术支持。也可以先参考下面列出的问题定位或 FAQ 尝试快速解决问题：
想将 Magento 默认的 MySQL 数据库更换为自己的 RDS？
执行下面命令可以更换 Magento 所使用的数据库
magento setup:config:set --db-host=DB-HOST --db-name=DB-NAME --db-user=DB-USER --db-engine=DB-ENGINE --db-password=DB-PASSWORD
Magento 使用入门
下面以 使用 Magento 构建在线商城 作为一个任务，帮助用户快速入门：
Magento 常用操作
安装插件
建议通过 Magento 后台在线安装扩展：
-
确保你的 Magento 已经连接到官方的 Marketplace
-
在 Marketplace 找到您需要的扩展或主题，购买完成，点击【Install】
-
登录 Magento 后台，打开：【SYSTEM】>【Web Setup Wizard】>【System Configration】
-
在左侧菜单栏选择【EXTENSION MANAGER】，单击【Refresh】 将购买信息同步到网站，然后通过【Review and Install】查看
Refresh 可能会出现同步失败，请多次刷新
-
在列表内选择插件或主题，即可进行安装
-
安装时会进行系统环境检查，条件全面满足才可以开始安装
-
安装过程时间较长且报错，请查看故障原因
连接 Magento Marketplace
安装 Magento 后，建议把你安装的 Magento 系统与 Magento 官方的 Marketplace 资源进行在线连接，这样便可以使用 Marketplace 上的大量资源
-
到官方 注册 Magento 账号
-
登录 Marketplace，打到My Profile 的 Access Keys 页面新建一个自己的 Access Key;
-
保存 Access Key
-
SSH 登录到 Magento 服务器，进入根目录
/data/wwwroot/magento，将 key 复制到 auth.json.example,并重命名为 auth.json
{
"http-basic": {
"repo.magento.com": {
"username": "7023803e7e",
"password": "e1e52894a5b"
}
}
}
- 连接后，就可以很方便的使用 Marketplace 上的资源
安装中文包
中文包 zh_Hans_CN 已经存在 Magento 多语言目录中
需要启用中文方法如下：
-
网页后台设置中文：在管理员页面右上角点击你的账户 Account Setting > Interface Local 中设置 Interface Local 为Chinese（China ）
-
网页前台设置中文：
- 安装前台语言包：
docker exec -it magento bash #进入Magento容器
cd /bitnami/magento/
php bin/magento config:set --scope=stores --scope-code=default general/locale/code zh_Hans_CN
php bin/magento cache:clean
php bin/magento cache:flush
- 进入到Magento管理员界面，后台 Stores > Configuration > General > Local 中设置Local为Chinese(China)
刷新缓存
Cache（缓存）是 Magento 的一项重要设置：
- 登录 Magento 后台，依次打开：【System】>【Tools】> 【Cache Management】
- 选择需要刷新的缓存
- 点击【Flush Magento Cache】和【Flush Cache Storage】开始刷新
- 也可以取消一些页面的缓存设置
配置 SMTP
-
在邮箱管理控制台获取 SMTP 相关参数
-
确保你的 Magento 已经连接到官方 Marketplace
-
使用 SSH 工具登录到服务器，使用命令方式安装 Magento SMTP 扩展
docker exec -it magento bash #进入Magento容器
cd /bitnami/magento/
composer require mageplaza/module-smtp
php bin/magento setup:upgrade
php bin/magento setup:di:compile如果不会使用命令，请直接在 Marketplace 上购买 SMTP 插件
-
登录到 Magento 后台，完成 SMTP 参数设置
- 点击STORES，在右边菜单选择Configuration;
- 按照下图输入相应的信息
- 点击STORES，在右边菜单选择Configuration;
-
登录到 Magento 后台，设置发件箱
- 首先进入应用配置管理页面:
- 按照下图设置邮箱：
- 首先进入应用配置管理页面:
域名额外配置（修改 URL）
域名五步设置 完成后，需设置 Magento URL:
通过SSH连接云服务器，运行下面的 CLI 命令进行参数配置
docker exec -it magento bash #进入Magento容器
cd /bitnami/magento
php bin/magento config:set web/unsecure/base_url http://www.mydomain.com/ # 修改成您的实际域名，必须以 / 结束
php bin/magento config:set web/secure/base_url http://www.mydomain.com/ # 修改成您的实际域名，必须以 / 结束
HTTPS 额外设置
标准 HTTPS 配置 完成后，还需运行下面的 CLI 命令进行配置：
docker exec -it magento bash #进入Magento容器
cd /bitnami/magento/
php bin/magento setup:store-config:set --use-secure=1 --use-secure-admin=1 --base-url-secure="https://www.yourdomain.com/"
php bin/magento cache:flush #将基础URL更改为https并刷新缓存
参数
Magento 应用中包含 Nginx, Docker, MySQL, phpMyAdmin, Varnish, RabbitMQ, Elasticsearch等组件，可通过 通用参数表 查看路径、服务、端口等参数。
通过运行docker ps，可以查看到 Magento 运行时所有的 运行时所有的服务组件：
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0cb53e8158c3 bitnami/magento:latest "/opt/bitnami/script…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 8080/tcp, 8443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9001->80/tcp, :::9001->80/tcp magento
99a9a1e1e20d bitnami/elasticsearch:7 "/opt/bitnami/script…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 9200/tcp, 9300/tcp magento-elasticsearch
09b196940f88 bitnami/mariadb:10.4 "/opt/bitnami/script…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 3306/tcp magento-db
路径
Magento 配置文件目录 /data/apps/magento
Magento 数据目录： /data/apps/magento/data
端口
无特殊端口
版本
sudo docker exec -it magento magento -V
服务
systemctl start | stop | restart | status magento
systemctl start | stop | restart | status magento-elasticsearch
systemctl start | stop | restart | status magento-db
命令行
$ sudo docker exec -it magento magento list
Magento CLI 2.4.2
Usage:
command [options] [arguments]
Options:
-h, --help Display this help message
-q, --quiet Do not output any message
-V, --version Display this application version
--ansi Force ANSI output
--no-ansi Disable ANSI output
-n, --no-interaction Do not ask any interactive question
-v|vv|vvv, --verbose Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal output, 2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug
Available commands:
help Displays help for a command
list Lists commands
admin
admin:user:create Creates an administrator
admin:user:unlock Unlock Admin Account
app
app:config:dump Create dump of application
app:config:import Import data from shared configuration files to appropriate data storage
app:config:status Checks if config propagation requires update
braintree
braintree:migrate Migrate stored cards from a Magento 1 database
cache
cache:clean Cleans cache type(s)
cache:disable Disables cache type(s)
cache:enable Enables cache type(s)
cache:flush Flushes cache storage used by cache type(s)
cache:status Checks cache status
catalog
catalog:images:resize Creates resized product images
catalog:product:attributes:cleanup Removes unused product attributes.
cms
cms:wysiwyg:restrict Set whether to enforce user HTML content validation or show a warning instead
config
config:sensitive:set Set sensitive configuration values
config:set Change system configuration
config:show Shows configuration value for given path. If path is not specified, all saved values will be shown
cron
cron:install Generates and installs crontab for current user
cron:remove Removes tasks from crontab
cron:run Runs jobs by schedule
customer
customer:hash:upgrade Upgrade customer's hash according to the latest algorithm
deploy
deploy:mode:set Set application mode.
deploy:mode:show Displays current application mode.
dev
dev:di:info Provides information on Dependency Injection configuration for the Command.
dev:profiler:disable Disable the profiler.
dev:profiler:enable Enable the profiler.
dev:query-log:disable Disable DB query logging
dev:query-log:enable Enable DB query logging
dev:source-theme:deploy Collects and publishes source files for theme.
dev:template-hints:disable Disable frontend template hints. A cache flush might be required.
dev:template-hints:enable Enable frontend template hints. A cache flush might be required.
dev:template-hints:status Show frontend template hints status.
dev:tests:run Runs tests
dev:urn-catalog:generate Generates the catalog of URNs to *.xsd mappings for the IDE to highlight xml.
dev:xml:convert Converts XML file using XSL style sheets
dotdigital
dotdigital:connector:automap Auto-map data fields
dotdigital:connector:enable Add Dotdigital API credentials and enable the connector
dotdigital:migrate Migrate data into email_ tables to sync with Engagement Cloud
dotdigital:sync Run syncs to populate email_ tables before importing to Engagement Cloud
dotdigital:task Run dotdigital module tasks on demand
downloadable
downloadable:domains:add Add domains to the downloadable domains whitelist
downloadable:domains:remove Remove domains from the downloadable domains whitelist
downloadable:domains:show Display downloadable domains whitelist
encryption
encryption:payment-data:update Re-encrypts encrypted credit card data with latest encryption cipher.
i18n
i18n:collect-phrases Discovers phrases in the codebase
i18n:pack Saves language package
i18n:uninstall Uninstalls language packages
indexer
indexer:info Shows allowed Indexers
indexer:reindex Reindexes Data
indexer:reset Resets indexer status to invalid
indexer:set-dimensions-mode Set Indexer Dimensions Mode
indexer:set-mode Sets index mode type
indexer:show-dimensions-mode Shows Indexer Dimension Mode
indexer:show-mode Shows Index Mode
indexer:status Shows status of Indexer
info
info:adminuri Displays the Magento Admin URI
info:backups:list Prints list of available backup files
info:currency:list Displays the list of available currencies
info:dependencies:show-framework Shows number of dependencies on Magento framework
info:dependencies:show-modules Shows number of dependencies between modules
info:dependencies:show-modules-circular Shows number of circular dependencies between modules
info:language:list Displays the list of available language locales
info:timezone:list Displays the list of available timezones
inventory
inventory:reservation:create-compensations Create reservations by provided compensation arguments
inventory:reservation:list-inconsistencies Show all orders and products with salable quantity inconsistencies
inventory-geonames
inventory-geonames:import Download and import geo names for source selection algorithm
maintenance
maintenance:allow-ips Sets maintenance mode exempt IPs
maintenance:disable Disables maintenance mode
maintenance:enable Enables maintenance mode
maintenance:status Displays maintenance mode status
media-content
media-content:sync Synchronize content with assets
media-gallery
media-gallery:sync Synchronize media storage and media assets in the database
module
module:config:status Checks the modules configuration in the 'app/etc/config.php' file and reports if they are up to date or not
module:disable Disables specified modules
module:enable Enables specified modules
module:status Displays status of modules
module:uninstall Uninstalls modules installed by composer
newrelic
newrelic:create:deploy-marker Check the deploy queue for entries and create an appropriate deploy marker.
queue
queue:consumers:list List of MessageQueue consumers
queue:consumers:start Start MessageQueue consumer
remote-storage
remote-storage:sync Synchronize media files with remote storage.
sampledata
sampledata:deploy Deploy sample data modules for composer-based Magento installations
sampledata:remove Remove all sample data packages from composer.json
sampledata:reset Reset all sample data modules for re-installation
security
security:recaptcha:disable-for-user-forgot-password Disable reCAPTCHA for admin user forgot password form
security:recaptcha:disable-for-user-login Disable reCAPTCHA for admin user login form
security:tfa:google:set-secret Set the secret used for Google OTP generation.
security:tfa:providers List all available providers
security:tfa:reset Reset configuration for one user
setup
setup:backup Takes backup of Magento Application code base, media and database
setup:config:set Creates or modifies the deployment configuration
setup:db-data:upgrade Installs and upgrades data in the DB
setup:db-declaration:generate-patch Generate patch and put it in specific folder.
setup:db-declaration:generate-whitelist Generate whitelist of tables and columns that are allowed to be edited by declaration installer
setup:db-schema:upgrade Installs and upgrades the DB schema
setup:db:status Checks if DB schema or data requires upgrade
setup:di:compile Generates DI configuration and all missing classes that can be auto-generated
setup:install Installs the Magento application
setup:performance:generate-fixtures Generates fixtures
setup:rollback Rolls back Magento Application codebase, media and database
setup:static-content:deploy Deploys static view files
setup:store-config:set Installs the store configuration. Deprecated since 2.2.0. Use config:set instead
setup:uninstall Uninstalls the Magento application
setup:upgrade Upgrades the Magento application, DB data, and schema
store
store:list Displays the list of stores
store:website:list Displays the list of websites
theme
theme:uninstall Uninstalls theme
varnish
varnish:vcl:generate Generates Varnish VCL and echos it to the command line
yotpo
yotpo:reset Reset Yotpo sync flags &/or configurations
yotpo:sync Sync Yotpo manually (reviews module)
yotpo:update-metadata Manually send platform metadata to Yotpo
API
Magento API 支持 REST（表述性状态传递）和 SOAP（简单对象访问协议）。 在 Magento 2 中，REST 和 SOAP 的 Web API 覆盖范围是相同的。
参考官方文档